Oxidative-stress signals to cell death in brain neurons

ironjustice@aol.com · medicine forum Guru Joined: 28 Apr 2005 Posts: 1522

Free Radical Cell Death Switch Identified

Main Category: Seniors / Aging News
Article Date: 02 Jun 2006 - 20:00pm (PDT)

"A common molecular denominator in aging and many age-related diseases
is oxidative stress," says the study's lead author Azad Bonni, MD, PhD,
HMS associate professor of pathology. The skin of a bitten apple will
brown because of its exposure to air, and in some ways that is a good
metaphor for the damage that oxidative stress is causing to neurons and
other types of cells over time.

Humans and other organisms depend on oxygen to produce the energy
required for cells to carry out their normal functions. A cell's
engine, the mitochondria, converts oxygen into energy. But this process
also leaves a kind of exhaust product known as free radicals. When free
radicals are not destroyed by antioxidants, they create oxidative
stress. As the body ages, it produces more and more free radicals and
its own antioxidants are unable to fight this process, which results in
the generation of highly reactive oxygen molecules that inflict
cellular damage by reacting with biomolecules including DNA, proteins,
and lipids. A lifetime of oxidative stress leads to general cellular
deterioration associated with aging and degenerative diseases.

How the oxidative-stress signals trigger these profound effects in
cells has remained unclear. But Bonni and his research team, including
Maria Lehtinen, a graduate student in the HMS program in neuroscience,
and Zengqiang Yuan, PhD, an HMS research fellow in pathology, in
collaboration with Keith Blackwell, MD, PhD, HMS associate professor of
pathology, have now defined how a molecular chain-of-events links
oxidative-stress signals to cell death in brain neurons.

In the course of investigating the mechanisms of cell death in neurons
from rat brain, the team focused their attention on the function of a
protein called MST, which had been previously implicated in cell death.
They found that exposure of brain neurons to oxidative-stress signals
stimulates the activity of MST, and once activated, MST instructs
neurons to die. The researchers also found a tight link between MST and
another family of molecules called FOXO proteins. FOXO proteins turn on
genes in the nucleus, the command center of the cell. Once stimulated
by oxidative stress, MST acts in its capacity as an enzyme to modify
and thereby activate the FOXO proteins, instructing the FOXO proteins
to move from the periphery of the cell into the nucleus of neurons.
Once in the nucleus, the FOXO proteins were found to turn on genes that
commit neurons to programmed death.

The discovery of the MST-FOXO biochemical switch mechanism fills a gap
in our understanding of how oxidative stress elicits biological
responses in neurons, and may include besides cell death, neuronal
dysfunction and neuronal recovery. Since oxidative stress in neurons
and other cells in the body contribute to tissue damage in a variety of
disorders, including stroke, ischemic heart disease, neurodegenerative
diseases, and diabetes, identification of the MST-FOXO switch mechanism
could provide potential new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of
many common age-associated diseases.

HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL

Harvard Medical School has more than 7,000 full-time faculty working in
eight academic departments based at the School's Boston quadrangle or
in one of 47 academic departments at 18 Harvard teaching hospitals and
research institutes. Those Harvard hospitals and research institutions
include Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Cambridge Health Alliance, the CBR Institute for Biomedical
Research, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,
Forsyth Institute, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Joslin Diabetes Center,
Judge Baker Children's Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Mental Health Center,
McLean Hospital, Mount Auburn Hospital, Schepens Eye Research
Institute, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, and VA Boston Healthcare
System.

John Lacey
public_affairs@hms.harvard.edu
Harvard Medical School
http://www.hms.harvard.edu

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

babawali@world.com · medicine forum addict Joined: 29 Apr 2006 Posts: 81

The readers might wonder at the behavior of "ironjustice", here is the
short version of his story either provided by him or as observed by his
behavior:

Using a secret method learned from a book he was able to decode the hidden
message of scripture and began his "work":

1 God said not to eat meat but people ate meat in disobedience.

2. as a punishment for this "original sin" people began to suffer diseases.

3. the kind of iron in meat builds up and is the cause of all diseases.

4. all the abstracts and articles cross posted mention iron and some
disease together as overwhelming proof while avoiding those showing iron as
medical treatment.

5. or they mention vegetarian or antioxidants or chelators or blood loss
which are a cure for iron overload which causes all diseases.

6. a great part of each day is given over to searching the internet and
cherry picking articles for mention of iron and a disease in the same
article, described as "impeccable research", when in fact the content is
not comprehended because of the difficult science used.

7. patient posting of these articles will eventually show the proof and
acceptance of the iron theory among scientists, while giving meat eaters a
good "lesson" of their sinful ways.

8. great scientific recognition and honors will then come, perhaps even a
Nobel prize. At least recognition as that for the father in 'Lorenzo's
Oil' is forthcoming. All is summarized by:

"I am now having more success in the medical field THAN ANYONE IN HISTORY"

9. any mention of the flaws of fact or logic or gross misinterpretation or
evidence to the contrary is met with angry hate filled abuse and
obscenities.

10. this takes the form of irrelevant staccato phrases using tortured
grammar and perverse and obsessive use of "...", accompanied one imagines
with the forceful striking of fingers to keyboard.

Bud · medicine forum beginner Joined: 26 Feb 2006 Posts: 16

ironjustice@aol.com · medicine forum Guru Joined: 28 Apr 2005 Posts: 1522

babawali@world.com wrote:

..Jeez .. I believe you have posted your .. lies .. here .. before ..

Didn't .. ya .. ?

That means .. the EXTENT .. of your .. 'abilities' .. is .. ?

Repetative .. lies ..

????

Yep ...

Oh yeah ..

Almost .. forgot ..

Stupidity ..

How .. could .. I have forgotten .. that ..

BOTH of the above are .. evidence .. based ..

Do you KNOW .. 'what' .. evidence based .. is .. ?

Should I .. post .. the cites .. ?

The 'stupid folder' .. remember .. ?

The lies .. you .. admit .. DUE TO .. ?

The lack of response when .. CALLED .. a .. liar ..

Ya .. fkg .. pussy ..

Heh .. heh ..

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

Sylv · medicine forum addict Joined: 27 Aug 2005 Posts: 86

babawali@world.com wrote:

DCI · medicine forum beginner Joined: 04 Jun 2006 Posts: 5

On 3 Jun 2006 18:54:16 -0700, "Sylv" <Sylv772003@yahoo.com> wrote:

NHE · medicine forum beginner Joined: 04 Jun 2006 Posts: 2

"ironjustice@aol.com" wrote:

Alex · medicine forum beginner Joined: 27 May 2006 Posts: 4

I propose a study to confirm this.

The test subject will be placed in an airtight chamber & simply stop
breathing air.

We will then observe the results.

I volunteer rusthead to be the test subject, anyone else concur?

Alex

Bud · medicine forum beginner Joined: 26 Feb 2006 Posts: 16

Alex wrote:

babawali@world.com · medicine forum addict Joined: 29 Apr 2006 Posts: 81

So, it's oxygen after all and not iron? Every article about iron you have
ever posted also involves oxygen if it states it outright or not. Does
oxygen cause all disease? Does iron cause oxygen or does oxygen cause
iron? Does eating some foods and not others reduce the oxygen that is
the source of all the problems?

babawali@world.com · medicine forum addict Joined: 29 Apr 2006 Posts: 81

"The message was 'do not kill the animals' and in order to remove the
'sin'
resulting from killing the animals.. one has to bloodlet. Off my page is a
page 'Moses was a Mystic' which is an excerpt from the book 'The Hidden
Mystery of the Bible' written by Jack Ensign Addington. In this book he
tells how after years of working in the ministry he found a provable
code..
a mystic type code in the Bible. This code goes on to explain how one
becomes 'enlightened'. This involves the realising what is WRONG with
oneself and dwelling on those bad traits and totally and utterly
destroying
to the last 'man, woman, child and animal'.. thought.. bad thought. This
is
why there seems to be so much death and destruction in the Bible.. not to
be taken literally but in the context of destroying those bad traits
within. As to the fish and the loaves.. you will notice He got back a
certain *number* of baskets. Numbers are very big in the mystic circles.
Now aren't you glad to learn 'Dad' isn't the 'murderous bastard' the Bible
portrays Him to be? His message was/is don't kill and eat the animals and
to remove the sin/disease caused by eating meat we have to 'bloodlet'
which
removes the iron which has slowly built up over the years in our bodies
from the meat we eat.. Who loves ya. Tom"

ironjustice@aol.com · medicine forum Guru Joined: 28 Apr 2005 Posts: 1522

Alex wrote:

ironjustice@aol.com · medicine forum Guru Joined: 28 Apr 2005 Posts: 1522

Sylv wrote:

Bud · medicine forum beginner Joined: 26 Feb 2006 Posts: 16

DCI · medicine forum beginner Joined: 04 Jun 2006 Posts: 5

On Sun, 04 Jun 2006 16:35:29 -0400, Bud <bud@romance.org> wrote:

Google